Dosage And Precautions For Amikacin Use
Usage and dosage
1. Adult intramuscular injection or intravenous drip, urinary tract infection, 0.25g every 12 hours; For other systemic infections, 5mg/kg per 8 hours or 7.5mg/kg per 12 hours of body weight. Adults should not exceed 1.5g per day and the course of treatment should not exceed 10 days.
2. The first dose of intramuscular injection or intravenous drip is 10mg/kg, followed by 7.5mg/kg every 12 hours; Children use the same amount as adults.
3. Intramuscular injection or intravenous drip, 15mg/kg per day, administered in 2-3 times, daily dose of adults shall not exceed 1.5g. For simple urinary tract infection, 250 mg can be used twice a day. Newborns use 10mg/kg for the first time and 7.5mg/kg every 12 hours thereafter. Generally, a course of treatment does not exceed 10 days.
Adverse reactions
1. It mainly affects the cochlear nerve, causing the patient's high-frequency hearing to be damaged first, and then the hearing loss gradually develops to deafness, tinnitus and the feeling of fullness in the ear.
2. Nephrotoxicity: It mainly damages the proximal renal tubules, which may lead to proteinuria and tubular urine, followed by hematuria, decreased or increased urine volume, and then to azotemia, decreased renal function, increased potassium excretion, etc.
3. Neuromuscular block: amikacin has the effect of blocking acetylcholine and complexing calcium ions similar to curcumin, and can cause myocardial inhibition, respiratory failure, etc. Patients with original myasthenia or who have received muscle relaxants are more likely to occur.
4. Allergic reactions: A few patients may have allergic reactions after medication, including anaphylactic shock, rash, urticaria, drug fever, etc.
5. Others: Amikacin can interfere with normal flora, and long-term use can cause excessive growth of non-sensitive bacteria.
Matters needing attention
1. Loss of water can increase the concentration of blood drugs and easily cause toxic reactions.
2. The eighth is brain nerve damage, because this product can cause vestibular nerve and auditory nerve damage.
3. Myasthenia gravis or Parkinson's disease can cause neuromuscular block, resulting in skeletal muscle weakness.
4. If the renal function is damaged, the product is nephrotoxic.
5. Interference with diagnosis This product can increase the measured values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum bilirubin concentration and lactate dehydrogenase concentration; The measured values of blood calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium concentrations may decrease.
6. Aminoglycosides and β The mixture of lactams (cephalosporins and penicillins) can lead to mutual inactivation. When this product is used in combination with the above antibiotics, it must be dripped in bottles. Amikacin should not be injected with other drugs in the same bottle.
7. Patients should be given enough water to reduce renal tubular damage.
8. When preparing intravenous medication, add 100~200mL of sodium chloride injection or 5% glucose injection or other sterile diluent every 500mg. Adults should be slowly infused within 30 to 60 minutes, and the volume of diluted liquid in infant patients should be reduced accordingly.
Drug use for pregnant women and lactating women: This product belongs to Class D of drug use for pregnant women, that is, it has certain harm to human beings, but the benefits may outweigh the disadvantages after drug use. This product can pass through the placenta and reach the fetal tissue, which may cause fetal hearing damage. Pregnant women must fully weigh the advantages and disadvantages before using this product. Breastfeeding women should stop breastfeeding when taking medicine.
Drug use in children: aminoglycosides should be used with caution in pediatrics, especially in premature infants and newborns whose kidney tissue is not fully developed, which prolongs the half-life of this kind of drug, and the drug is easy to accumulate in the body and produce toxic reactions.
Medication for elderly patients: The renal function of elderly patients has a certain degree of physiological decline. Even if the measured value of renal function is within the normal range, a small amount of treatment should still be used. Elderly patients are prone to produce various toxic reactions after using this product, so blood drug concentration should be monitored as much as possible during the course of treatment.
